For students to print off, complete, and turn in for a grade types of water and wind erosion exercise pdf. Rill erosion can be reduced by reducing the volume and speed of surface water with grassed. Hill slopes are prone to sheet erosion and rill erosion. Understanding different types of erosion, by water or wind, can help us protect our soils. Raindrops break apart the soil structure and its moved downslope by water that flows overland as a sheet rather than definitive channels. This type of erosion starts as water flowing over the soil surface concentrates into small.
The presence of organic matter in the soil is vital for good water retention and growth of flora. Water erosion covers all forms of soil erosion by water, including sheet and rill erosion and gullying. The material chosen is usually something with lots of ridges and obstructions for the water to slow down on. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Pdf on may 22, 2018, s g telkar and others published soil erosion. The broadest application of the term erosion embraces the general wearing down and molding of all landforms on earths surface, including the weathering of rock in its original position, the transport of weathered material, and erosion caused by wind action and fluvial, marine, and glacial processes. After reading this article you will learn about wind erosion. Wind erosion refers to loss of soil by wind, occurring primarily in dry regions. In this type of erosion when the running water percolates through the crevices of rocks great masses of soils and loose rocks lying on the steep slopes slip downward. Following are the types of soil erosion caused by water fig. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil. Identify and describe the types of wind and water erosion. Soil types and erosion soil types and erosion are very much related because one affects the rate of the other. By the end of this section the studentuser will be able to.
Loess soils fine dust are very prone to this kind of erosion, especially on banks peninsula and in marlborough. Soil erosion of these types mainly takes place by two methods. Types and their mechanism find, read and cite all the research you. Rill erosion is common in bare agricultural land, particularly overgrazed land, and in freshly cultivated soil where the soil structure has been loosened. In this study, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion are evaluated. The amount of hill slope erosion largely depends on how the land.
Humaninduced intensification of landsliding, caused by vegetation clearance, road construction, etc. Soil erosion is a process of detachment and transportation of soil by natural agencies of water and wind. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils. Notes on the 2 types of soil erosion water erosion and wind erosion. Water erosion how to control the main types of erosion. The soil often later collapses inwards, and an open gully forms. Susceptibility to wind erosion is related rather definitely to the moisture content of soils. Break up of soil clodsaggregates and dispersion of soil particles by the kinetic. Readers should send their comments on this paper to. Farmers need to protect farmland from the wind by planting windbreaks around their land. Type description example chemical involves changes in the minerals of the rock. Soil erosion by water 9sheet erosion soil is eroded uniformly across a slope 9rill erosion numerous tiny gullies rills randomly occur 9gully erosion with increased rainfall duration and intensity, runoff volumes increase and concentrate in small ravines. Soil erosion is one form of soil degradation along with soil compaction, low organic matter, and loss o f soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinization and soil acidity problems. There are several types of water erosion that can cause difficulties for topsoil.
Several techniques are available to reduce soil erosion, including. Differing soil types sand gravel loamy sand clay loam clay clay. Types of erosion helping north coast landholders reduce soil erosion. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. And, if youd like to arrange for a soil scientist to visit your classroom, this is the place to make a request. Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature, particularly wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion the most severe of the four. Magnitude and the impacts of soil erosion on productivity depend on soil profile and horizonation, terrain, soil. Sheet erosion, although less noticeable than other types of erosion, typically is the main erosive force. Several types of soil degradation exist and are a threat to natural forests and planted crops. This type of soil erosion is caused by heavy rainfall and it occurs in sloppy lands, such as mountains and hills. If we want to save our soils, we need to understand the different types of erosion that can occur. Your questions will be sent to a soil science society of america member, in your region.
Queenslands high intensity summer rainfalls represent a significant risk of erosion by water. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a. Large quantities of valuable soil are eroded by flowing water and moving wind. The potential for erosion of a specific soil type largely depends on the severity of the slope, the crops grown, and the number and types of tillage operations. Apart from these, soils are also classified based on their colour red soil, black soil, and brown soil. The extent of damage associated with soil erosion is analyzed, with emphasis on the impact these may have on future human food security as well as the natural environment. Areas where loose, shallow topsoil overlies compact soil are most susceptible to sheet erosion. Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind food and. Four kinds of accelerated water erosion are commonly recognized. Soil erosion is a process of moving soil by water or wind when the soil particles are detached. The rills can usually be removed with farm machinery. A form of water erosion in which numerous very small and more or less straight. The term soil erosion covers a wide range of physical and chemical actions, such as removal of soluble matters, chemical changes, disintegration by frost or by rapid changes of temperature, attrition by dust charged wind, scouring by silt laden currents, alternate impact and succession by storm waves, landslides and so on fox 1950.
Describe ways by which sediments are eroded learning objectives lo. Soil erosion is characterised by the downslope removal of soil particles within a thin sheet of water. Sheet erosion occurs when the entire surface of a field is gradually eroded in more or less uniform way. T value tolerable erosion equilibrium between soil gains and losses. Factors, types, causes and effects in india riya kapoor soil erosion, soil erosion is a process of detachment and transportation of soil by natural agencies of water and wind. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of soil dirt. Either way, soil erosion has a negative impact on agriculture and on the environment. There are many factors which influence the process of soil erosion. Describe the role of water in chemical weathering 4. Rainfall, and the surface runoff which may result from rainfall, produces four main types of soil erosion.
Types of erosion te ara encyclopedia of new zealand. Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Erosion control blankets erosion control blankets are usually woven from a chosen material and are meant to slow down the speed at which water moves across the surface. However, wind and water erosion are generally most commonly associated with human activity with respect to agricultural practices. When water enters the soil on a slope, usually down cracks after a dry period, it scours out the subsoil to form a tunnel.
The process of erosion usually takes place on the surface of soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the earths crust and with the help of the wind or water flow, it gets to settle down at another location. The north coasts high rainfall makes the regions soils vulnerable to water. Careless agricultural practices, pollution and deforestation cause lots of soil degradation in the world. There are three types of weathering, and each type can lead to erosion and changes in landforms. Soil degradation ann verdoodt academic year 20112012 compilation of course notes by prof. Rain splash erosion happens when raindrops move the soil. Small soil particles are detached and sent airborne through the impact of raindrops on soil. This leaflet explains the different types of erosion on the north coast.
It can be serious on soils that have a slope gradient of only 1 or 2 percent. Value 1 this form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation ploughing, hoeing etc. Other types of soil based on the percentage of particles, resulting in more compound types of soil. Types of soil sandy soil, clay soil, silt soil, and. Soil moves a few inches and usually is redistributed back over the surface soil. Sheet erosion is the more or less uniform removal of soil. Rain splash only occurs if the rain falls with high intensity. Soil erosion control and veld rehabilitation rehabilitation efforts should not attempt to restore the ecosystem to some particular condition. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion.
Gullies occur when smaller water flows concentrate and cut a channel through the soil. Raindrops hit bare soil with enough force to break the soil aggregates. The soil integrates a variety of important processes involving vegetation growth, overland flow of. Soil erosion is the process that erodes, breaks or gradually diminishes things down. It is a gradual process and it is not immediately obvious that soil is being lost. Sheet erosion is less noticeable, as it does not leave obvious cuts in the soil surface as with gully erosion. If you have any question on soils, soil science, and careers in soil science, this is the place to get answers. Rill erosion is the removal of soil through the cutting of many small, but conspicuous, channels where runoff concentrates. The causes of soil erosion can be natural or manmade. Types of erosion environment, land and water queensland. Soil degradation is any type of problem that removes soil in an area or makes highquality soil become poor. Soil erosion was a big problem in the midwestern united states in the 1930s dust bowl. If the soil has eroded, the crops that make food will not grow very well.